How has energy conservation efforts impacted the risk of Legionella infections?

Energy conservation efforts often focus on reducing energy consumption in buildings, which can lead to changes in how hot water systems are managed. One common practice is lowering the temperature of hot water systems to save on energy costs. While this can reduce energy expenses, it inadvertently contributes to an increased risk of Legionella infections.

Legionella bacteria thrive in stagnant water and grow optimally at temperatures between 20°C and 50°C (68°F and 122°F). Typically, hot water systems are maintained at temperatures of at least 60°C (140°F) to inhibit the growth of these bacteria. When conservation measures lead to lower hot water temperatures, it creates an environment more conducive to the survival and proliferation of Legionella, particularly in large, complex plumbing systems where water may sit stagnant.

In summary, the choice indicating that energy conservation efforts have led to lower hot water temperatures accurately captures how such practices can inadvertently increase the risk of Legionella infections by allowing the bacteria to thrive in improperly maintained water systems.