Identifying potential contaminants in a water sample can be done by testing for which bacteria?

Testing for total coliform bacteria in a water sample is a widely accepted method for identifying potential contaminants. Total coliforms are a group of bacteria that are commonly found in the environment, including soil, vegetation, and the intestines of warm-blooded animals. Their presence in water indicates possible contamination from fecal material and can signal the presence of pathogens that can pose health risks to humans.

Monitoring total coliform levels is crucial because while not all coliforms are harmful, their detection acts as an indicator of water quality. If total coliforms are found, further testing can be conducted to identify specific pathogens, such as E. coli, that may also be present. This makes total coliform testing a critical first step in assessing water safety and ensuring public health.

In comparison, while Salmonella and Bacillus cereus are pathogens of concern, they are not as broadly used as indicators of overall water contamination as total coliforms. Staphylococcus is also not a primary indicator. Therefore, total coliform is the most relevant choice when assessing water samples for potential contaminants.