What are common transmission routes for viruses?

The answer focuses on fecal-oral transmission and water as common routes for viruses, which is indeed accurate. This method of virus transmission typically involves pathogens that are excreted in feces and can contaminate food and drinking water supplies. Consequently, individuals can become infected through ingestion of contaminated substances. This pathway is particularly significant for viruses like hepatitis A and norovirus, known for their resilience in water and susceptibility to outbreaks through contaminated food and drink.

In considering the other transmission routes, while direct contact with infected surfaces, inhalation of airborne particles, and transmission through contaminated food are also valid means by which viruses can spread, the specificity of fecal-oral and water transmission highlights a crucial route that is often associated with outbreaks in community and environmental health settings. It underscores the importance of proper sanitation and hygiene practices to prevent viral infections.