What can result from infection with the Norwalk virus?

Infection with the Norwalk virus, which is a pathogen commonly associated with foodborne illness and gastroenteritis, can lead to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms. Among these symptoms, severe diarrhea is one of the hallmark signs of Norwalk virus infection. This diarrhea can be frequent and watery, leading to a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes. As a direct result of this fluid loss, individuals can easily become dehydrated, especially if they are unable to replace the fluids lost.

Dehydration is particularly concerning because it can lead to more severe health consequences, including kidney damage or even hospitalization in severe cases, particularly among vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, or those with weakened immune systems.

The other options refer to symptoms that are not typically associated with Norwalk virus infections. For instance, short-term memory loss and vision impairment are not common effects of gastrointestinal infections like those caused by Norwalk virus. Joint pain and stiffness are also more indicative of other medical conditions rather than the acute gastroenteritis caused by this virus. Thus, dehydration due to severe diarrhea is the most relevant and accurate response to the question regarding the effects of Norwalk virus infection.