What characterizes a surface water system?

A surface water system is primarily characterized by the need for certified operators. This is because surface water sources, such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, often require careful management and oversight to ensure that the water is treated adequately and remains safe for consumption. Certified operators are trained to handle the complexities associated with water treatment processes, which can include managing contamination risks, monitoring water quality, and making necessary adjustments to treatment protocols.

The requirement for certified operators underlines the importance of expertise in maintaining compliance with health and safety regulations, ensuring that the public receives clean and safe drinking water.

In contrast, extensive chemical treatment is not always a defining characteristic of surface water systems; some may utilize natural processes that can limit the need for chemicals. While surface water systems can supply water to urban areas, they also serve rural communities, contradicting the assumption in one option. The use of natural filtration methods is a process that can occur in some settings but does not universally characterize surface water systems, as many still rely on conventional treatment methods.