What do environmental pathogens cause?

Environmental pathogens are microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, that can adversely affect human health by causing diseases. These pathogens can be found in various environments, including water, soil, and food. When individuals are exposed to these pathogens, they can develop infections or illnesses, leading to a wide range of health issues, from mild gastrointestinal disorders to serious diseases like pneumonia or hepatitis, depending on the type of pathogen and the individual's vulnerability.

In discussing the other options, while increased biodiversity refers to a variety of life forms and may allow for healthier ecosystems, it is not directly impacted by environmental pathogens. Genetic mutations can occur due to various factors, including environmental toxins and radiation, but they are not directly caused by pathogens. Food allergies result from immune responses to specific proteins in food and are not caused by environmental pathogens. Therefore, the most accurate answer is that environmental pathogens primarily lead to diseases.