What does aquifer depletion refer to?

Aquifer depletion refers to the reduction of water levels in aquifers due to extraction. This occurs when more water is withdrawn from an aquifer than is naturally replenished through processes like precipitation or surface water infiltration. Over time, excessive withdrawal can lead to a significant decline in water levels, which can result in various environmental and socio-economic issues, such as reduced water availability for drinking and irrigation, land subsidence, and the potential for saltwater intrusion in coastal areas.

This definition emphasizes the critical balance needed to maintain sustainable groundwater resources. Sustainable management requires understanding the recharge rates of aquifers and ensuring that extraction does not exceed these rates to prevent depletion.