What is a common source of E. coli contamination?

E. coli contamination can indeed arise from a variety of sources, making the choice "All of the above" the most comprehensive answer. Each of the specified options highlights a significant risk factor linked to the transmission of this bacterium.

Inadequate sanitation practices are fundamental contributors to the spread of E. coli. If food handling, preparation, and cooking areas are not kept clean or if personal hygiene is neglected, harmful pathogens like E. coli can easily contaminate food items. This risk escalates when food handlers do not wash their hands after using the restroom or fail to clean surfaces that come into contact with raw meats.

Undercooked meat, particularly ground beef, is a well-documented source of E. coli infections. The bacteria can be present in the intestines of cattle, and if the meat is not cooked to a sufficient internal temperature, any E. coli present can survive and subsequently be ingested by consumers.

Consuming raw fruits and vegetables can also lead to E. coli infections, especially if these foods have been irrigated with contaminated water or handled improperly. Since many fruits and vegetables are consumed raw, they may not have the benefit of cooking, which typically kills harmful bacteria.

In summary, recognizing that all these factors contribute to E