What is an aquifer?

An aquifer is best defined as a geological formation that can store and transmit water. This definition encompasses both the properties of the material within the aquifer—such as sand, gravel, limestone, or rock—that allow it to hold water, and the ability of that material to facilitate the movement of water through pore spaces, fractures, or other channels. Aquifers are critical sources of groundwater, which is essential for drinking water, irrigation, and various industrial uses.

Understanding aquifers is crucial in environmental health and water management, as they play a vital role in the hydrology of an area, including the recharge of surface water bodies and providing a buffer against drought. This knowledge of aquifers also influences the management strategies for groundwater usage and conservation, especially in areas prone to over-extraction and contamination.