What is defined as water on Earth's surface that is not absorbed by soil?

The definition of surface water encompasses all bodies of water present on the Earth's surface, such as rivers, lakes, streams, and reservoirs, that are not absorbed by the soil. Surface water plays a crucial role in the environmental ecosystem and provides essential resources for drinking, irrigation, and habitat for aquatic life.

In contrast, groundwater refers to water that is present beneath the Earth's surface, stored in aquifers and soil, which is not immediately available on the surface. Potable water is any water that is safe and suitable for drinking, which can come from various sources, including treated surface and groundwater. Fallout water is not a commonly recognized term in water resource management, thereby making surface water the most accurate choice in the context of the question. By understanding the significance and characteristics of surface water, one can appreciate its role in environmental health and resource management.