What serious condition can result from hemolytic uremic syndrome?

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) primarily affects the kidneys and is characterized by the triad of hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia. The condition often arises following infections, particularly those caused by certain strains of E. coli, leading to damage in the blood vessels of the kidneys. This damage triggers a cascade of events resulting in reduced kidney function, which can culminate in acute kidney failure.

As a consequence, those affected by HUS may experience significant complications related to renal impairment, necessitating intensive medical management, including potential dialysis. While other organ systems can be affected in serious infections or syndromes, the primary and most critical concern in hemolytic uremic syndrome is indeed the failure of kidney function, making this the correct answer.