Which group is primarily at risk for health issues due to nitrate contamination in water?

Infants are primarily at risk for health issues due to nitrate contamination in water because they can be particularly susceptible to a condition known as methemoglobinemia, or "blue baby syndrome." Nitrate in drinking water can be converted to nitrite in the body, which interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen. Since infants have a higher metabolic rate and a lower capacity to convert nitrites back to nitrates compared to older children and adults, they can experience more severe health effects from elevated nitrate levels. The Development of their digestive systems also plays a role, making them less able to handle high concentrations of nitrates found in contaminated water. This vulnerability underscores the importance of monitoring nitrate levels in water sources, particularly in communities where infants may be consuming formula mixed with contaminated water.