Which method is effective for removing both small solids and chemical contaminants in water?

Reverse osmosis is a highly effective method for removing both small solids and chemical contaminants from water. This process utilizes a semipermeable membrane that allows water molecules to pass through while blocking larger molecules, including various contaminants such as salts, heavy metals, and certain chemicals. Due to its ability to filter out substances on a molecular level, reverse osmosis can effectively reduce the concentration of many harmful contaminants, making it a preferred choice for purifying drinking water.

The other methods mentioned have specific uses but do not provide the same level of filtration. Boiling water is effective at killing pathogens but does not remove chemical contaminants or small solids. Chlorination is primarily used for disinfection by killing bacteria and viruses, but it does not effectively remove physical impurities or certain chemical pollutants. Activated carbon filtration can improve water quality by adsorbing various organic compounds and some chemicals, but it may not be as effective as reverse osmosis in removing very small particles or dissolved salts. Thus, reverse osmosis stands out as the most comprehensive method for addressing both solid and chemical contaminants in water.