Which of the following is the second largest consumer of water after thermal power?

Irrigation is recognized as the second largest consumer of water following thermal power generation. This is primarily because agriculture relies heavily on significant water resources for crop production. In many regions around the world, irrigation systems are essential for sustaining agricultural yields, particularly in arid and semi-arid climates where precipitation alone is insufficient for growing crops.

The demand for water in irrigation is driven by the need to maintain soil moisture, ensure crop growth, and optimize agricultural output to feed the growing population. Effective irrigation practices are critical for food security and often involve various methods, from traditional surface irrigation to advanced drip irrigation techniques that maximize efficiency.

While public supply, domestic use, and water conservation are important aspects of water management, they do not consume as much water as irrigation does on a large scale. Public and domestic water use primarily accounts for drinking, sanitation, and household needs, which are generally much lower in volume compared to the water required for extensive agricultural irrigation. Water conservation strategies aim to reduce overall water consumption but do not consume water in themselves.

Thus, understanding the substantial role that irrigation plays in water consumption helps emphasize the need for sustainable water management practices, especially in the face of increasing agricultural demands and environmental challenges.