Which process involves the addition of polyelectrolytes to create larger particle aggregates?

The process of flocculation involves the addition of polyelectrolytes to facilitate the aggregation of small particles into larger clumps or flocs. This process is crucial in water treatment and environmental health as it helps in removing suspended solids from liquids, making it easier to clarify the water. Polyelectrolytes, which are charged polymers, neutralize the charges on the suspended particles, allowing them to bond together and form larger aggregates. These aggregates can then be more easily removed from the water, typically during subsequent sedimentation or filtration processes.

Flocculation is distinct from coagulation, which primarily involves the neutralization of charge to promote particle collision without the use of polymers for size increase. This distinction helps in understanding the specific roles of these processes in water treatment operations.