Which process is used to identify fecal pollution in water sources?

Using microbiological testing is the most reliable process for identifying fecal pollution in water sources. This method specifically targets the presence of pathogens, bacteria, and other microorganisms that are indicative of fecal contamination. Common indicators such as E. coli and fecal coliform bacteria are measured during this testing to assess the safety and quality of water.

Microbiological testing is essential because it can detect harmful microorganisms that chemical tests may not identify. For example, while chemical testing might measure certain contaminants or determine overall water quality, it does not provide the same insights into the potential presence of fecal matter or pathogens that pose health risks.

Physical filtration and thermal treatment, while useful in water treatment processes, are more focused on removing particles or killing pathogens, rather than specifically identifying fecal pollution. They may not indicate the presence of fecal indicators, making microbiological testing the more definitive choice for understanding fecal contamination in water sources.